The Cultural Heritage of Tulchyn as a Factor in the Development of the City and Its Recognition in the Second Half of the 19th and 20th Centuries

Abstract

This article examines Tulchyn’s cultural and historical heritage as a factor in the city’s development and recognition during the second half of the 19th and the 20th centuries. It explores the historical foundations of local sociocultural processes, the role of educational institutions, and the characteristics of sociocultural transformations. This allowed for the formation of a clear understanding of the city’s cultural evolution and the identification of its main stages. As early as the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, educational institutions played a significant role in shaping the city’s cultural environment. It was precisely this educational environment that attracted prominent figures of Ukrainian culture to Tulchyn Ivan Karpenko-Karyi, Marko Vovchok, Mykola Leontovych, and others. With the Bolsheviks’ rise to power, radical cultural and ideological shifts took place, the main features of which were the “cultural revolution” and the Soviet colonization of Ukraine. Starting in the 1930s, there was an active politicization of the cultural and educational spheres. At the same time, a defining feature of each of these periods was the inseparable link between the historical process and the city’s cultural evolution, which significantly influenced the formation of its image of attractiveness and distinctiveness. The city’s significant historical heritage facilitated Tulchyn’s entry into the European cultural sphere.