POLITICAL AND SOCIAL IDEAS OF M. HRUSHEVSKYI

Abstract

The article examines the key political and social ideas of M. Hrushevskyi. It is noted, that Hrushevskyi supported federalism and during some period of time even advocated for the Union of Russia with Ukraine. In the article it is stated, that as a populist, he defended the idea of advancing the interests of the people of the society over the interests of the state. M. Hrushevskyi revealed the vision of the people as a potent force for carried out the struggle that runs through ages through diff erent political and cultural circumstances. The attention is focused on the fact, that as a sociologist he studied the factors of social evolution, the laws of social development, developed a genetic sociology. In the framework of the genetic sociology the academician M. Hrushevskyi paid attention to the analysis of primary, primitive forms of social organization, to the laws of their transition into a more complex, to the infl uence of the “prehistoric” forms of social organization on the development trends of the future. The scientist, in particular, fi gured out the forms and stages of development universal to all peoples. Responding, fi nally, to this question, he put forward the thesis that they may be similar but almost never identical, explaining through the variability of the psychological and moral regulation in diff erent human communities. Along with this the great Ukrainian sociologist emphasized the existence of such General trends of social evolution — the processes of diff erentiation and integration (consolidation), which continue in any community. The alternation of these processes Hrushevskyi considered the personifi cation of the relentless struggle of the individualist and collectivist impulses, motives and aspirations.